Saving Morality The Implications of Hard Determinism

Hard determinism, the acceptance of determinism and the rejection of libertarian free will, results in some serious consequences for moral responsibility. At its most extreme interpretation a form of moral nihilism arises. †Without God ... everything is permitted now.†[1] That is, if determinism holds true, then there is no free choice, and without free choice there can be no moral responsibility. By taking hard determinism to its logical conclusion, and evaluating the results of a steadfast adherence to the theory this paper serves to show that moral nihilism is not the inevitable end to morality in a hard determinist framework. Instead morality, if not wholly, at least partially, is capable of being maintained by the hard determinist.†¦show more content†¦In this case the maxim might be, if one is in the position to save the life of another without significant harm to themselves, they should. This can be contrasted with a non-moral ’ought’ such as †you ought to eat because you are hungry.† These type of non-moral prescriptive ’oughts’ are hypothetical imperatives and are simply commandments of reason. It follows from the lack of moral responsibility that moral obligation in a deterministic framework is meaningless, and as such the moral ’ought’ is normatively empty. It seems impossible to reconcile determinism with the moral ’ought’ as statements such as †you ought not have lied† implies that you could have chosen to do otherwise. Yet there may be a way to maintain the moral ’ought’, even if only as a component of reason. According to Henry Sidgwick, †the adoption of [hard] Determinism will not-except in certain exceptional circumstances or on certain theological assumptionsreasonably modify a man’s view of what it is right for him to do or his reasons for doing it.†[3] This is possible because although moral obligation lacks n ormative force without free choice, it in some form can still remain. It makes no sense for a hard determinist to disregard hypothetical imperatives as nonsensical simply because of a lack of free choice. If a hard determinist is hungry they will eat. Whether they could have done otherwise is irrelevant, they were simply following a prescriptive ruleShow MoreRelatedStrategic Human Resource Management72324 Words   |  290 Pages- Design Principles What is the External Context for a HRM Strategy? What is the Internal Context for a HRM Strategy? Developments in Human Resources HRM Strategy and Lifecycle Stage What if the Organisation is going through Structural Change? 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Performance measurement and control systemsRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesand management theory Critical theory develops new understanding of ‘the scientific approach’ ‘The sciences of the spirit’ The models of ‘natural science’ and the ‘sciences of the spirit’ come together Critical theory has practical organizational implications The development of psychoanalysis as a challenging perspective in organization theory Psychoanalysis gives insight into organizations as a ‘practical theory’ T he challenge of psychoanalysis to organizations The key challenges of psychoanalysisRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagespeace but domestic warfare; more leisure but less fun; more kinds of food but less nutrition. These are the days of two incomes but more divorce, of fancier houses but broken homes. These are the days of quick trips, disposable diapers, throw-away morality, one-night stands, overweight bodies, and pills that do everything from cheer to quiet to kill. It is a time when there is much in the show window and nothing in the stockroom. (Moorehead, n.d.) This book is built on the presumption that developingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesclimate change. Tucker concludes his rather pessimistic assessment of these key dimensions of the twentieth-century experience with cautionary explorations of key sources of our increased recognition and understanding of these processes and their implications for life on the planet, as well as with an overview of some of the measures that have been proposed for bringing them under control. Taken together, the thematic essays included in this collection provide the basis for fashioning a coherent

Safety Program Development Free Essays

string(38) " very far without management support\." Effective evaluation of the safety program. Increase employers and employees’ involvement in worksheet hazard assessment and control by 25%. Reduce accident rate by 25% Pages Appendix 01 â€Å"Safety health program responsibilities† Appendix 02 â€Å"Job Safety Analysis OSHA)† 12 Appendix 03 â€Å"Sample form for correction tracking† 15 Appendix 04 â€Å"Rout cause analysis† 18 I. We will write a custom essay sample on Safety Program Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Chapter 01 : Management Employee involvement The overall safety in a workplace is a responsibility of both the employers and employees. The employers need to work together with their employees toward safety improvements. Management must encourage employees’ involvement in improving safety. Employees need to inform and communicate with management to what is needed to be done to improve safety. L. A. Being a visible management and taking charge Management must prove their commitment and detection toward achieving a safer environment for their workers. Management musts make themselves visible by being out there in the working area inspecting how to improve safety. Getting where you can be seen: Be visible when taking parts in any operation in order to be more aware of the working environment and the employees. This way the workers feel appreciated and aware of management good intentions for improving safety. This method can be done formally or informally depending on management participation levels. 0 Being Accessible: Employees need to have chances to communicate to management when necessary without going through complicated procedures. The employers must give the employees an easy two way communication process for reporting situations, comments or any work related issue regarding safety. Sacrificing or cutting authority to obtain accessibility between management and workers is not necessary. Adequate accessibility is as simple as having an open door policy or skipping large formal meeting. Being an example: When rules and regulation are issue management should be the first to follow it showing the workers their participation and dedication. Rules must apply to everyone in the workplace with no exception. Following rules can be as simple as wearing safety equipment, such as, safety glasses. Taking charge: Management must be clear on what is required by their workers. Rules, regulations and polices must be officially stated and written in a clear easy to understand language. In addition, rules and regulation must be enforced with no exception. Management must follow on safety processes and make sure that individuals are performing their responsibilities. Management must not neglect employee involvement regarding safety issues. Workers are the first to be exposed to potential hazards. Workers are the ones who understand what must be done to reduce hazards associate with working procedures. Management need to encourage and increase worker precipitations, making them more aware of their safety roles and expectations. Employees can help management in safety issues by: Participating in Joint labor-management committees and other advisory or specific purpose committees. Conducting site inspections. Analyzing routine hazards in each step of a Job and/or a process and preparing safe work practices or controls or eliminate or reduce exposure. Developing and revising the site safety and health rules. Providing program and presentations at safety and health meetings. Training of both current and newly haired employees. Conducting accident or incident investigations. Management can increase employees’ precipitation in safety by: Showing workers management’s detection to make the workplace safer and healthier. Adequate leadership from management that leads to employees’ commitment. Management must not refuse any worker involvement; get as many help as you can. Reward and recognize workers for their efforts and accomplishments in achieving safety or following rules. Be clear on want you need workers to do (good communication). Give workers the resources necessary to perform the Job with the adequate training. Show your seriousness in their work toward safety. II. Chapter 02: Supervision and responsibility to the safety program All personal and acknowledge and understand their responsibilities toward safety. The employer has a responsibility to his/her workers, making sure that they are not exposed to any potential hazards and work in a safe environment. In addition, employers must clearly communicate with workers about their responsibilities toward safety, making ere that no confusion occurs. II. A. Reviewing existing organization Management must understand and be well inform of each individual safety roles in the workplace. Employees’ roles in any safety and health program can be identified by using a specific worksheet (Appendix OLL- Page 04). Organizational structure and Job titles vary from one company to the next, but they include general assignments of health responsibilities. Some examples Job titles and job decryption include: President/owner/site manager: Establish policies – provide leadership resources – set objectives – assign susceptibilities – hold people accountable – interact with employees – set a good example – review accident reports – provide medical programs – establish safety training programs. Safety and health director/coordinator: Maintain safety health – familiar with safety laws – aware of all presented hazards and their preventions – evaluation of the workplace’ safety – design control preventive procedures – assist support supervisors employees regarding safety – communicate safety rules – review hazard reports – evaluate emergency drills. Plant superintendents/division managers/directors: Provide leadership – maintain accountability – follow up on employees’ suggestions analyze the facility for potential hazards – follow up on periodic hazards analysis encourage reporting hazards by employees – provide the necessary PEP (Personal Protective Equipment) – maintain safety meetings – help develop emergency procedures. Supervisors: Evaluate worker’s performances – encourage precipitation in safety and health programs follow up on preventive maintenance – investigate accidents – discourage short cuts follow safety rules – familiarize everyone with emergency procedures. Employees’ responsibilities: Understand all safety rules – responsible for your safety and the safety of other employees – offer safety and health suggestions – get involve in safety – be aware of your responsibilities in an emergency – know where the first aid kit is – report all accidents. II. B. Assigning determining responsibilities Corporate management roles in safety: Management is responsible to their employees for providing a working area free of any recognized hazards that can causes injury or death. Managements must establish specific goals and objectives that aim to reduce injuries caused by specific unsafe behaviors. Any safety and health program will not be able to go very far without management support. You read "Safety Program Development" in category "Papers" Management must hold employees accountable for their actions. This can be done by rewarding workers for following safety and taking the necessary disciplinary action when they fail to follow safety rules. Management need to obtain constant feedback for determining the effectiveness of the safety program. In addition, management must get involve in the safety program, through attention to workers, precipitation in investigations and following safety rules. The facility manager roles in safety: The facility manager must acknowledge his or her responsibilities to maintain adequate house keeping, establishing safe working procedures and making sure that employees follow them. The shape and physical condition of the facility also plays an important role in achieving safety. The facility manager must make sure that everything is in good condition, taking employees suggestions into active consideration. Workers must obtain adequate training in using PEP and machines operations. Also, the facility manger must educate the employees about the areas’ safety rules and polices, making sure that they are followed correctly. The facility manager is accountable to both upper management and his or her employees. The facility mangers must also have significant involvement in communications, obtaining feedback and performing tours around the working area (formal informal) making any necessary corrections. First line supervisor roles in safety and health: The first line supervisor has more specific goals and objectives compare to other managers. The first line supervisor has various roles regarding safety, since he or she is in first contact with the employees. He or she need to set the necessary standard or achieving safety through good housekeeping and desired safety conditions. The first line supervisor must determine the employees understanding and practice of safety rules and regulation in the work area. Effective safety training of employees and continuous observation from the first line supervisor is essential. Employees’ level of safety awareness can be increased by: Setting specific working standards and following them through. Employees’ precipitation in safety meeting with their superiors. Following up on safety inspection and making all the necessary corrections. Management recognizes employees’ outstanding achievements toward safety. Supervisors must sincerely listen to employees’ complaints and suggestions. The employer must provide an adequate Hazard (Hazard Communication Standers) to his or her employees. Information on all the chemicals in the workplace must be easily accessible to workers in case of an emergency. In addition, proper training for chemical handling, storage and transportation is necessary as part of an ongoing process. Ill. A. Chemical overview, communication standards hazards Chemical overview: Chemicals can be either in a solid, liquid or gaseous state. Chemicals can be found in drums, tanks, pressure vessels and process systems. Responses to spills or exposure depend on the chemical properties. Material Safety Data Sheets (MASS) and labels on the chemical containers are essential for determining how workers must respond. Hazard communication standards: Chemical handling requires adequate training before any initiations are taken. The training and education must include the following: Knowledge about Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA) standards. Knowledge on all chemicals in the workplace and hazards associate with them. Informing workers of the facility written plan to deal with chemical hazards. How to use MASS and labels. How can workers protect themselves and others. Hazards: Physical Hazards: Physical hazards includes, a sudden violent reaction involving flammable, explosive or reactive materials. Proper handling is the key to deal with physical hazards. Information from MASS can be obtained about storing, mixing or moving chemicals. Physical hazards can be identified as: Oxidized Water reactive Organic peroxide Combustible Health Hazards: Chemicals can cause adverse health effects if workers became over exposed. There are two types of health effects: Acute health effects: occurs over short periods of time due to immediate exposure, they can be minor or serious. Some examples include burning or irritation. Chronic health effects: occurs over long periods of time due to prolong exposure in small amounts. Some examples include cancer, liver disease or lead poisoning. Ill. B. Exposure limits, controlling exposure Safety on the Job Exposure limits: Exposure limits are governmental standards indicating when overexposure occurs. PEEL – Permissible Exposure Limit: Must not be exceeded, over an our average rookery. TTL – Threshold Limit Value: Must not be exceeded, over an our average workday. STEEL – Short-Term Exposure Limit: can be safety exposed to over 1 5-minute period. IDLE – Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health: very hazardous, must not be exposed to. Controlling exposures: There are several methods used to control exposures to chemicals. Engineering controls can be use to keep exposures below PEEL and TTL levels. Also, maintaining adequate ventilation system can reduce exposure to hazardous chemicals. When exposure can not be avoided, using proper PEP depending on the chemical is essential. PEP are used to prevent exposure through skin absorption, inhalation, ingestion and injection. Chemical safety on the Job: Identify all chemical hazards in the workplace. Know how to deal with chemical in both regular and emergency operations. Treat unknown chemical as hazardous ones. Make sure to use the appropriate PEP by looking at MASS. Inspect your PEP before and after use. Know the workplace emergency procedures. Know location of emergency showers, first aid kits, fire extinguishers and eyewash. Always secure the exposed area and ask for help. Maintain good hygiene to prevent outside exposures. IV. Chapter 04: Lockout / Dugout There are energies in the workplace that might be accidentally released and cause serious injuries or death. The employers, with the proper training of workers, must prevent the accidental release of these hazardous energies. This can be achieved through using lockout/dugouts. ‘V. A. What is lockout/dugout when they must be perform What is lockout/dugout? Lockouts: The employer places a lock on any energy isolating device, making sure it cannot be removed from the closed position. Such devices include circuit breaker or valve handle. Dugout: The employer attaches a written note (warring tag) on the equipment or device that How to cite Safety Program Development, Papers

Henry IV Essay Example For Students

Henry IV Essay One of the most important aspects of 1 Henry IV is the development andtransgressions of Hal who is the Prince of Wales and heir to the throne. Theplays focus on the family reminds us that the struggles England endured throughits growth were largely struggles inside the royal family. Hals character is ata point where he is unable to define who he will be; a responsible part of themonarch, as his father would like to see, or a rogue as is John Falstaff. Throughout the play the prince keeps company with Falstaff, who is indeed aknight but hardly acts as one would hope. He lies, robs travellers and frequentsthe bar and whorehouse owned by Mistress Quickly. By scene iv of the fifth actit is clear that the Prince will fulfil his role and embrace his noble birth bystanding with his father to fight against the rebels. At the end of the battleHal makes it clear to himself but also to Falstaff that he will no longer beamongst his clan of rabble rousers. Undoubtedly Prince Hal is a noble characteron a small scale and as early on as the second scene in the first act he ishinting at his uncertainties about his role in the state. He states: Sowhen this loose behavior I throw off / and pay the debt I neverpromised In this loose behavior refers to his dealing withFalstaff and the low life of the tavern and the debt he neverpromised is upholding the lineage of the monarchy. However, it is notuntil the battle when Hal puts his selfish, albeit true, loyalty behind him anddefends his father who is being attacked by Douglas. Although he does not killDouglas, Hal shows that he has become a man of honour and dignity. His fatherrecognises this: In this fair rescue thou hast brought to mesome tenderof my life. This shows that Hals decision to change is outwardly apparentto others, but most importantly, to his father. Another aspect of Halscommitment to change can be seen in the lines that Shakespeare has given him. Most of the audience members would already be well acquainted with the story ofHenry IV so it was especially important that the language be varied and colorfulenough to keep the audience interested. In Act V, scene iv Hal is given linesthat seem extraordinarily defiant but masking an internal struggle. Hotspur If Imistake not, thou art Harry Monmouth. Prince Thou speakst as if I would deny myname. Hotspur My name is Harry Percy. Prince Why, then I see A very valiantrebel of the name. I am the Prince of Wales; and think not, Percy, To share withme in glory any more. Two stars keep not their motion in one sphere; The Prince,rather than hastily disregarding his former ways, still holds respect forHotspur even though it is apparent by this time that he will defeat the rebel ashe promised his father. Hal speaks respectfully towards Hotspur but proclaimsthat he will no more deny his name as he has done up until thispoint in regards to his duty. This shows the audience that he has come to t ermswith his identity. Hals use of language throughout the scene furtherexpresses his acceptance of rank. Until this scene, Hal has spoken in verse onlyin the company of other nobility and in prose when with his friends in thetavern. The shift in his method of speech reveals to the audience that Hal felthe could move between the two spheres of society, between his father andFalstaff without having to have a static identity. His acceptance of his placein society can be seen in that he decides, for the first time, to speak in versewhen addressing Falstaff: I prithee, speak; we will not trust our eyesWithout our ears: thou art not what thou seemst. . Shakespeare makes Halstransgressions all the more important because it takes place during the firsttime that all the characters, from both the palace and the tavern, are in thesame scene. In a sense, Hal is forced to choose a side. There is such a dynamicsocial contrast that the royalty and low life seem allthe more on the fringes. In addi tion, there is the added presense of a climatethat fosters nobility and morality. The true nature of the individual charactersare bound to show themselves. When put in this predicament, the princesgravitation toward maturity and acceptance of his place comes a forth and hisfathers distinction from the other characters becomes clear. For the firsttime Hal recognizes that there is a rift between himself and Falstaff, and theirlast interaction can be interpreted as a slightly disdained farewell. Towardsthe end of the scene, there can be no doubt to the audience that the Prince willnot turn kindly to Falstaff and his gang again. Hals decision to speak in verseindicates that he has moved beyond the tavern-dwellers and found himself in anew caste. Shakespeare has put Hal through a rite of passage on the stage inorder that the audience be more familiar with his character. Whether or not Halin 1 Henry IV is to be seen in isolation of the second part of the history or asmerely a major develo pment within the two parts is still up for interpretation. .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd , .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .postImageUrl , .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd , .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:hover , .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:visited , .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:active { border:0!important; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:active , .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Perfection In Ancient Greek Art EssayThe different type of speech exemplifies that Hal has moved on from needingFalstaffs friendship as a reflection of his identity, and has accepted hisplace as the future King. The last thing that the Prince says to Falstaff is,Come, bring your luggage nobly on your back: For my part, if a lie may dothee grace, Ill gild it with the happiest terms I have. For the Audienceas well as Prince Hal, this declaration reinforces that Hal is acting inaccordance with his title and his fathers wishes and that he has moved beyondfeeling a bond with Falstaff. Earlier on in the play, he might have tried toexpose Falstaffs lie but this line shows that th e prince accepts Falstaff asa liar and feels no need to challenge him or to deal with him on Falstaffslevel. Not only does he accept Falstaff as a liar, and thus expect no better ofhim, he is also aware that because of the difference in character and statusbetween them, Falstaff needs the recognition for having killed Hotspur. For Hal,performing the deed was enough; he does not need the outward appearance ofhonour that comes with glory in battle. For Hal to accept that Falstaff relieson lying to promote the outward appearance of a noble character is for him toaccept that the friendship between them is over, that they no longer haveanything in common and no longer need one another. With his fathersrecognition and a feeling of self-assurance, Hal does not need Falstaff and thisscene represents his realization that he has learned what he can from him. Thefarewell between Hal and Falstaff though unspoken and subtle is by no meanshostile. Hals agreement to lie on Falstaffs behalf is almo st a token ofgratitude toward him for the benefit he has gained from their friendship. Theend of the relationship does not come out of unfriendly feelings for one anotherbut rather from the fact that Hal has undergone a transition that Falstaff willnever undergo. Though the last we see of Falstaff in the first part of KingHenry IV is a series of empty promises to make what he interprets to be the sametransition that Hal has made. The change that takes place within Henry, Princeof Wales is exemplified through his language and his actions. This change isfinalised in the second to last scene, leaving only one brief interaction withhis Father, the King, between his break away from his previous lifestyle and theend of the play. Hals acceptance of his role within his family as well askingdom is indicative of finding the reality of honour within himself. The factthat this epiphany comes so near the end of the play brings Hals journey toan end, giving the play a sense of closure and resolve . Hals decision alsoserves to give his character psychological depth, and thus further differentiatehim from the tavern characters. Hals discovery of princely honour functionsto fulfil the concept of honour as an inherent trait of nobility and thus makeshis separation from Falstaff an inevitability. Shakespeare

Water Cycle free essay sample

According to website, â€Å"about 70 percent of the Earths surface is water-covered, and the oceans hold about 96.5 percent of all Earths water† http://ga.water.usgs.gov. â€Å"It circulates in the atmosphere keeping a delicate balance of temperature and sustaining life on the planet. The process of the cycle of water from the oceans to the mountains and back to the oceans again is caused by solar radiation. The process is made up of a few processes that work together; evaporation, condensation, precipitation, evaporate-transpiration and infiltration† http://thehankwilliamsmuseum.com. The Water Cycle, also known as hydrologic cycle, is a process that is constantly recycling the Earths supply of water. This is very important because humans, animals, and plants all need water to stay alive. Like my picture above it shows how the water cycle moves from one place to the next. The water is controlled by the sun, which produces energy in the form of heat. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Cycle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This heat energy causes the water in the worlds oceans and lakes to warm and evaporate. As the water is heated, it changes its phase from liquid to gas. This gas is called water vapor and this process is called evaporation. When plants give off water vapor, it’s called transpiration. When water evaporates, it rises into the cooler air, collects, and forms clouds. There, the water vapor molecules cool down and change back into liquid water. This is called condensation. As more and more water vapor cools into the clouds, the water droplets that form the clouds become larger and larger. When the swirling winds in the atmosphere can no longer hold them up, the droplets fall from the sky and precipitation is the term for the falling, condensed water molecules, which come down as rain, snow, sleet, or hail depending on conditions in the atmosphere. When water falls to the Earth, the water seeps into the soil because of the force of gravity. This seeping is called infiltration. Then the water flows over the land and into bodies of water, such as rivers and lakes.

The Effects of Oil depletion in the near future essays

The Effects of Oil depletion in the near future essays Oil is a finite resource that originally developed from prehistoric algae and other microorganisms. Colin J. Campbell from Depletion and Denial states: The prolific formation of oil has occurred only a few times in the Earths long geological history. For example, almost all the oil from the Gulf Coast of the U.S. to Peru, including the vast degraded deposits of Venezuela, which hold even more than the Middle East, was the result of a brief period of excessive global warming 90,000,000 years ago. Algae flourished in those ancient warm, dead, stagnant, and anoxic seas. Another such epoch, 140,000,000 years ago, was responsible for the oil in the North Sea and much of the Middle East. (2) However, many people know little about the controversial issue of oil and oil depletion besides what they have been told by un-informed experts. It has become so controversial because of the difficulty in predicting the current oil supply. Most people are too optimistic in their estimates of the supply because of the dire implications of a shortage. Simply put, energy is the key that unlocks all other resources. As of today, oil accounts for 40 percent of all energy use in the world. This accounts for 26 billion barrels annually. The problem is intensified by large population increases and growth in energy demands. Jacob Fisker states that developing countries make up 80 percent of the population, but they only use 20 percent of the worlds resources. The developed world is the remaining 20 percent of the population, but it uses 80 percent of the worlds resources.(1) Furthermore, one perfect example of oil over-consumption is in the U.S. Its entire economy is largely dependent on oil for energy and many indispensable products. Many experts in the oil industry such as Colin J. Campbell, a petro leum geologist, predict that demand will exceed supply by around 2010. From there, it will pr...

Analysis Term Paper

Analysis Term Paper Analysis Term Paper Analysis Term Paper: How to Write It Critical assessment of the text under consideration is the main aim of any analysis term paper. The items, which can fall under analysis, are endless in their amount to start from the text itself, to proceed with some of the images the present text depicts, to conclude with the main concept of the text. This very analysis is made in thorough and academic manner, which helps to study the object under consideration in a very detailed way. Critical thinking is a proper way to lead the analysis while you are writing analysis term papers. If you do not have critical thinking skills, the only way for you to get them is to read different analysis term papers and some other articles, which provide the analysis of some of the literary items. Goal of Analysis Term Paper Writing The main goal of any analysis term paper is to discover how the object under consideration operates and behaves itself through the whole text, whether it remains the same or u ndergoes some particular changes. However, you do not only have to enumerate all the changes, but also to analyze why all these changes are taking place. To write a successful analysis term paper, a student should be very attentive to any detail, should be able to analyze the item in the objective way, without showing his or her own attitude to the written item. Because of this, analysis term paper is considered to be one of the most difficult academic pieces of paper. Analysis Term Paper Thesis Statement Thesis statement is that one to build up a successful essay that is why while creating your analysis term paper thesis you should be very careful and creative at one and the same time. Thesis should discloses the main idea of your analysis term paper; with the help of this very analysis term paper thesis the readers should get to know what is going to be analyzed in your analysis term paper and how this very item is going to be analyzed. Get Professional Help with Analysis Ter m Paper Writing! If you face any difficulties while writing your analysis term paper, you are welcome to visit our site and find all the necessary information, which will help you to get rid of these difficulties. If you fail to find the answers at our site, you can always contact our representatives who work for you twenty for hours a day and set these questions to them. They will help you to solve all your problems concerning analysis term paper writing with great pleasure.

Wal-Mart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wal-Mart - Case Study Example (Wal-Mart) Currently, Wal-Mart operates worldwide through the Wal-Mart Stores, Sam's Club franchises, and International. Wal-Mart offers everything starting from necessities such as food, clothing, health, beauty and household items, cleaning products, electronics and others. Wal-Mart currently operates almost 4,000 stores in the U.S., and more than 2,700 stores outside the United States. Wal-Mart has been an attractive target for lawsuits for so long. The company's policy about this has been to admit their fault and settle the claim, otherwise take the matter to court. This practice of Wal-Mart's has proven effective in keeping the number of lawsuits piling at bay. (Willing) The company has been growing at a remarkable pace. Wal-Mart is not content with its present stature to the effect of building and opening hundreds of new stores each year to further boost its supremacy of the United States retail industry. Wal-Mart is looking to further expansion efforts in the future. Industry experts are concerned however, at the rate that Wal-Mart is expanding. At the rate that it is expanding, the older stores are not getting much attention as the newer ones. Patrons who seek are seeking a change and a more modern feel would flock to the nearest "new" competitor. World oil prices are anothe... Patrons who seek are seeking a change and a more modern feel would flock to the nearest "new" competitor. Retail Industry Health The recent years have seen ups and downs in Wal-Mart's performance. These fluctuations are caused my many factors such as world oil prices, globalization, and others. Similar companies such as Target and Costco are also performing well although Wal-Mart remains dominant in this category. National Economic Trends The United States stock market is currently a bear market and said to be on its third leg. (The Market Oracle) When interest rates are on the rise, stock markets are expected to crash. When inflation rate is high, stock prices may decrease, in like manner, stock prices may become overpriced if inflation rate falls. World oil prices are another important factor in determining the prices of stock and the performance of a nation's economy. The skyrocketing of the prices of oil in the world market would cause prices of stocks all around the globe to plummet. The reason for this is almost all industries are dependent on oil for their operations. The United States is also very concerned about the trade deficit with China. China is fast becoming a world leader with the onset of globalization. In terms of prices, most of China's commodities and the labor market offer very competitive prices as compared to the prices of other countries. The past decade has seen the entry of more and more products and services from China. More industries are shifting or outsourcing labor services to China because of the cost-efficiency. The United States feels that the fact that China refuses to raise the value of its currency gives China an unfair advantage when it comes to trade. With more buying power

Marketing Management of Verizon Wireless Case Study

Marketing Management of Verizon Wireless - Case Study Example Consumer analysis is an important part of the market strategy. Every marketing campaign is aimed at consumers. In order to develop an effective marketing strategy, it is important to understand the buyers' needs and wants to be attached to a product. In order to understand how consumers actually make their buying decisions, marketers must identify the motivators and the decision-makers. The aim of the report is to undertake a thorough analysis of the marketing strategy of the Verizon Wireless. In order to undertake the analysis, secondary data is used. Adding recommendations for the improvement of the marketing practices of the Company has increased the effectiveness and usefulness of the report. The main strategy of the Verizon Wireless is the constant introduction of new ranges of products and services to the customers. Hence the company uses the strategy of product differentiation. The company keeps on innovating new packages fulfilling the demands of all ages from youngsters to a dults. The market share of the Verizon Mobiles has been increased at a tremendous level in 2005 outperforming all its competitors in 2005. The Company has remained innovative from the beginning, which is key to its success. The Company furthers aims to get the profits from ethics and to build the brand across the US. The purpose of branding is to achieve a market position that will represent a sustainable competitive advantage. Companies are increasingly extending the line of variants available under a given brand, resulting in a family of related offerings. The reason for this is essentially economic and Verizon Wireless has gained many such advantages by successful introducing a range of products.   Product development is ongoing and the company keeps on introducing new packages according to the needs of customers. The latest introduced in September. The Company has a strong brand name, which can be used as an economic benefit in the future but the two important factors should be prope rly addressed: 1. The benefits from the brand 2. The expectations of the target markets. Advertising, as a form of social communication, is particularly reflective and indicative of culture and its norms. To the extent that advertising does reflect cultural differences, and there exist clear differences between distinct cultural patterns, advertising appeals, which are specific approaches advertisers use to communicate how their products will satisfy customer needs (Arens & Bovee, 1994), should manifest such differences across these countries.

Mark Mathabane’s Kaffir Boy Essay Example for Free

Mark Mathabane’s Kaffir Boy Essay Racial Discrimination, has already been a long term phenomenon, in existent in almost all societies in different eras and civilization. The idea of discrimination is inevitable. Considering that such discrimination creates social structure as regards what is expected of everybody in a society and what is due to them. However, sometimes this social structure is abused, beyond its limit. People who belong to a higher status quo would definitely do whatever it takes to keep it. To illustrate, colonizers who had way better technology, combat powers and knowledge as compared to areas being colonized, would come to these new conquests are superiors. They would then take the locals as slaves and ravish on the wealth that they have to offer. In their own place, these locals become discriminated and unwanted. In return, locals would do whatever it takes to associate themselves with the colonizers, by looking like them, being friends with them, working for them, or marrying people of their kind. And it always seems that it is the right thing to do. When the British came to South Africa, this is exactly what happened. Mark Mathabane’s Kaffir Boy, tells a real story of a man who chose to fight a different battle to combat discrimination and inequality. While most of his relatives act as freedom fighters, he came to America to educate himself and to excel in a sport he loves. His success has given so much inspiration. His story as depicted in his book will take us with him as he reveals the horrors of his past. Mark Mathabane lived in a country, wherein racial divide, for most of its early years seemed to be the only thing that defines them. South Africa, a country nestled in the continent of Africa, was once invaded by white colonizers too. And they have proven that they came there to stay. In a country such as South Africa, a nation so unique as compared to other nations in the African continent. South Africa can be considered as diverse in a special way, because it is the only African country that has Caucasians as locals. Originally dominated by black Americans, South Africa is now a melting pot of two cultures. Analysis It had never occurred to me that though the two were different as night and day, as separate as east and -west, they had everything to do with each other; that one could not be without the other (94) This statement from Johannes best explains the struggles of Mathabane. In summary it explains how the two dominant races in South Africa has tried to isolate each group against each other, by means of creating physical division such as creating boundaries and naming certain places as black or white territory. Whites are in a way regarded more superior because they are more literate as well. The government also used formal means to strengthen the divide by creating laws such as prohibiting mix marriages, and creating policies in the education system that seems to favor a specific race. Overall, it was almost the generally accepted norm, to- categorize, discriminate. Kaffir Boy, is a tale about Mark Mathabane’s life growing up in South Africa, just outside of Johannesburg. Mark Mathabane lives in the town of Alexandra during industrial colonialism period with his parents, five sisters and a brother. He talks about how he experienced brutality and starvation from the Peri Urban, an Apartheid police group in South Africa. Growing up very poor, he dreamt of having a better life for him and his family. He often questioned the prejudices happening around him and has decided to take the course of his destiny in his own hands. As a young boy, he struggled with his identity. He wonders which religion he should practice, which country or class he should belong. There is so much craving for autonomy that at a young age he began resenting his parents religious and tribal heritage and eventually decided to leave Africa. Believing that religion, specifically Christianity was used wrongfully by different groups and races, he eventually rejected it. He believes that government used it to claim that God had given whites the divine right to rule over blacks; the black churches misused it by demanding money from Africans who were already destitute; and black churches further misused it by resigning themselves to the idea that this was their lot in life, Gods will for black men and women (36). Mathabane also recalled how apartheid made use of tribalism as form of torture against Africans. He believes that his father, allowed himself to be controlled by superstitions, Relatively mature for his age, he reiterates his independence by doing what he pleases with his life. For Mathabane, the Christian God is bias in favor of the whites and is oblivious to the Africans pain. Although he recognizes its legitimacy as sign of respect for her mothers faith, he still rejects it the way he rejects tribalism and African superstition. For him, submitting to any specific belief or religion is synonymous with compromising his free will. In page 208 of the book he further on states African superstition and tribal culture were not for him. His scorn for his father lay in the fact that his father clung to values which had outlived their usefulness, values which discriminated against him while he attempted to function within the white mans world (208). â€Å"What Mathabane did accept, though it took some trial and error, was his mothers understanding that education would lead him to a better life. Learning English, he decided, was the crucial key to unlocking the doors of the white world (193). The books that white people read led to the power they had over black people (254). Mathabane eventually decided that literacy was a necessary element in the liberation struggle. How can the illiterate function, he wondered, in a world ruled by signs (201) Books had taught him about places where he could be free to think and feel the way I want, instead of the way apartheid wants (254). He then realizes that he needs to make important decisions in order to make his dreams come true. Thinking that South Africa has nothing much to offer, at least for a poor black African boy like him, he decided to try his luck with American Universities. As he begins to plot his future, his tennis abilities begin to progress faster and better. Being an avid fan of Arthur Ashe, he takes his wins and losses as if his own. The achievements of his â€Å"idol† encourages him to do better every single day. From black state competitions, he started joining the more prestigious white state competitions. His participation in white state competitions led to his banning from joining black state competitions. At this point, he feels as if his progress in his craft takes him away from the things he loved the most. Luckily, Mark later on leaves for the United States as a university scholar, through the help of a famous American tennis player and other white donors. Conclusion Deep within me,I knew that I could never really leave South Africa or Alexandra. I was Alexandra, I was South Africa (348). This goes to show that despite of all the successes, the author looks back in his roots. At first, his move out of Africa was just his way of â€Å"escaping† the endless circle of failed dreams and lack of opportunities. But his absence in his country makes him reaffirm his identity, and gives him the opportunity, to finally appreciate what his past has to offer for his present and for his future. This book tells a very dark story filled with pain, sadness and loneliness on most of its chapters, but it also provides a strong foundation for the readers to further understand the plight of the narrator. The journey he took was not only of hope, but rather, a journey of rediscovery. How can the illiterate function, he wondered, in a world ruled by signs (201)? The books had taught him and transported him to places where he could be free to think and feel the way I want, instead of the way apartheid wants (254). Why burn the only thing that taught one to believe in the future, to fight for ones right to live in freedom and dignity? (285). Here reaffirms his conclusion as we experiences Soweto riots, which was triggered by resentment over the governments ruling that African education system be taught it Afrikaans instead of English. Upon witnessing the library burn down he inquired for enlightenment from one of his peers, who mentioned that the burning is for the destruction of all the traces of white oppression in the Bantu Education system. The struggles in his youth, leads him to think that literacy is the key to success. by learning English, he will be given better opportunities, the same as the whites. According to the author, literacy has given the whites so much edge and power over the black Africans. Having an education will somehow even out the playing field. Literacy for Mathabane is so important, that for him this will eventually lead them to be liberated from all their struggles. In the end, we really have no control over our government, over the people around us, and over norms and traditions we grew up with. But we do have full control over our perspective, our feelings and destiny. And this is precisely what Mathabane did. He took charge of his own future. This book inspires me to examine the choices I have made as a young person, at the same time, it makes me wonder whether the previous steps I have taken in life will take me closer to my aspirations or take me farther. But then, it makes me think deeper not just about my ambitions, but what I really want to contribute to my society in the end. This book serves as a wake up call. In a society wherein we are given so much opportunity, it seems as if we are left with no excuses not to excel. Reference: Mark Mathabane, 1998, Kaffir Boy, Simon Schuster Adult Publishing Group

Is Wuthering heights a love story? :: English Literature

Is Wuthering heights a love story? Is this essay I am going to discuss whether Wuthering heights is a love story or not. There are several reasons for saying that the novel is a love story and there are several reasons that state that Wuthering heights is not a love story. The trational love story has the perfect characters which always somehow no matter what the contions always manage to find there ideal partner. The setting is really simple and there always is a perfect climax despite what the obstacles are. The term love is used too loosely and is not specified if the love they mean is love for the family or sibling love then yes Wuthering heights is a love story. Romantic love is an aspect of the story but in my own personal opinion the romantic love aspect is not the be all and end all of the novel. The novel has many conventions which indicate that it is a love story. For example the setting. The settings very typical of a love story. Two families living in different houses and the houses are separated by the mores and it seems really simple until a complication is introduced, "bring that gipsy brat into the house". This is referring to Heathcliff when he is brought home from Liverpool. Some critics say that Heathcliff is a complication to the family and imperticualy Cathy because if Heathcliff was not around Cathy and Edgar would have been married with no major problems and without the complication of Cathy loving Heathcliff. But there is no evidence to prove this information is true. Another aspect of the setting that makes the novel seem like a typical love story is the way Cathy and Heathcliff grow really close then Cathy has an accident and has to stay with the Linton's and then she falls in "love" with Edgar and decides to marry him. This seems like a perfect romantic set up. The characters also make the novel seem like it is a love story because it again fits in with the way a typical love story is written. The way there is a rich person and a poor person and they are both batterling for the hand of the lovely young lady. Is this case the poor person is Heathcliff the rich person is Edgar and the lovely young lady is Cathy. The problem is Cathy marries Edgar not knowing if she is in love with him or not "I shall marry him: and yet you have not told me whether I'm right" this shows that she is not really sure

Quikr vs Olx Essay

Before you sit down to plan the future of your club’s marketing activities, you need to take stock of where your club is now and why you are there. One useful way to get a clear picture of where your club currently sits is by using a SWOT analysis. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. By using the SWOT analysis you can identify where your club stands in the market, which provides a useful launch pad for making future marketing plans. Take the time to work through the SWOT process carefully and you will have a clearer idea of: The things your club does well, and the things you need to improve on (strengths and opportunities). †¢ What types of competition exist for your club and which ones can be defended (strengths and threats) †¢ Whether your club needs to change the product itself to protect from outside influences (weaknesses and threats) †¢ Which issues your club needs to make as its priorities (weaknesses and opportunities). Stre ngths When you look at the strengths, concentrate on the club itself and whether it can achieve the outcomes you want. Examples of strengths include: †¢ Strong financial base. †¢ Strong local need for your product, many new members, etc. †¢ Group of skilled volunteers. †¢ Support from local businesses, politicians, etc. †¢ Well-equipped clubhouse. †¢ Committee is well-structured, enthusiastic, capable, etc. Weaknesses Weaknesses often appear as the direct opposite of the strengths listed above and include: †¢ Weak financial base. †¢ Diminishing need or desire for your product, fewer new members, etc. †¢ Few volunteers. †¢ No support from local businesses, politicians, etc. Out of date ill equipped clubhouse. †¢ Committee is poorly structured, overworked, disinterested, etc. Opportunities Opportunities refer to the possibilities of new growth because of the changes in the external environment and can include such things as: †¢ Promotion of sport by government authorities, e. g. renewed ‘Push Play† campaign. †¢ New population of potential users moving into the area, e. g. with children. †¢ Grants by local and national government to encourage sport and recreation. †¢ Organisations looking to sponsor local activities. Seasonal interest in particular sports, e. g cricket in summer, football in winter. †¢ International or national interests the activity your club is involved in, e. g Commonwealth or Olympic Games. †¢ Promotion of your activity to a different age group or gender e. g. lawn bowls to teenagers, rugby to girls. Threats As with strengths and weaknesses, the threats are often very similar to the opportunities. Examples of threats include: †¢ Traditional sponsors of sport and recreation changing the way they spend their sponsorship dollars. Seasonal interest in particular sports or activities which is in direct competition with your own, e. g. competing codes of Rugby. †¢ Promotion of sport to different age groups or gender which competes with your club’s interest e. g. ballet and soccer for girls. †¢ Other interests including television, video games, school activities, part-time work for teenagers, and so on. †¢ Time related issues for example, competition for volunteers time, longer working hours, both parents working – children unable to attend, limited available free time for both children and parents. Other organisations with better facilit ies. †¢ Lack of knowledge and interest in your product. A SWOT Analysis should be drawn up to look like this: |Internal |STRENGTHS |WEAKNESSES | |Factors |Vision : simple and quick |Not having international experience, therefore diversification | |(Things about |Strong funding |might be a problem at later stage. |your club) |Experienced partners: Norwest Venture Partners brings in a lot of |No acquisition till date as a result OLX has surpassed quikr. | | |experience |Employee base is very low: Need to increase the sales force and| | |Horizontal rather than vertical |target other opportunity to increase market share. | |Customer Centric, not just technology centric : Free missed call | | | |Investment in analytics, mobile platforms | | |External |OPPORTUNITIES |THREATS | |Factors |Internet penetration(10%) is bound to increase |Low entry barrier | |(Things |Internet surfing through mobiles has surpassed PC. Competitors have international experience and deep pockets. | |outside of |Mobile base is huge and recently they have introduced a mi ssed call |Zero switching cost. | |your club) |feature. |Intense Competiton | | |Cloud computing (SaaS, PaaS) could be useful in reducing the cost. | | | |Network Effects | | It’s a great idea to draw this up on a whiteboard or large piece of paper and use as a brainstorming base at a committee meeting.

Albert Einstein Leadership

Robert Bruce August 10, 2012 Leadership The Accidental Leader Albert Einstein was a world-renowned German-born theoretical physicist. Best known for his theory of relativity and famous equation of E = mc2 the expression of mass-energy equivalence. In 1921 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics â€Å"for his service to Theoretical Physics, and his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. His numerous contributions to physics include his special theory of relativity, which brought together concepts of mechanics and electromagnetism, and his general theory of relativity, which was intended to extend the principle of relativity to non-uniform motion and to provide a new theory of gravitation. The physics community reveres Einstein; with over three hundred published scientific works and over one hundred and non-scientific works, Einstein’s influence on modern theoretical physics is irrefutable. In a broader sense, he is regarded as one of the most influential people in hu man history.In 1999, he was name Time magazine’s â€Å"Person of the Century†. Einstein became a German citizen in 1914, but showed feelings of being pressured into accepting Germany citizenship by the Academy. There were growing tensions in Germany after World War I towards Jewish people. Albert was not a practicing Jew but faced the same prejudice and injustice Jewish people across Europe would feel under Hitler rule. Einstein’s fears of a Nazi-ruled Germany came to reality in 1933 when Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany.Hitler's administration introduced the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, which removed Jews and politically suspect government employees (including university professors) from their jobs, unless they had demonstrated their loyalty to Germany by serving in World War I. Einstein remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship and emigrated to America to take the position at Princeton University. M eanwhile, in Germany, a campaign began to eliminate Einstein's work from the German lexicon. Activists published pamphlets and ven textbooks denigrating Einstein, and instructors who taught his theories were blacklisted. Albert’s upbringing and personal life form the foundation of Einstein, the man, the leader, and the genius. Jurgen Neffe sums up Einstein’s childhood with the line, â€Å"A child like Albert, in the view of the German-born American psychoanalyst Erik Erikson, ‘today would be subjected to specialized examination and, perhaps, to treatment. ’ Fortunately Einstein was spared that. † Einstein’s childhood was unique even to the standards of late Nineteenth Century Europe.Young Albert was not pressured into sports and social circles by his parents; instead left to create his own supplementary curriculum and study with his engineer uncle. Einstein had help developing intellectually but that was not the case with social interactions. As Albert grew he kept a childlike way about him except when it came to women. Neffe uses Albert’s love letters extensively to show his fascination with the other sex and derives, â€Å"Einstein’s correspondence with women invariably reveals he regarded [women] almost as playthings. However Neffe neglects to connect Albert’s early successful form of communication to his later dependence on written correspondence. According to Neffe, Albert was very successful with women but not at relationships. Neffe describes his interactions with his two sons and divorced wife as if they were circumstantial, but Albert clearly felt himself a better father and provider if the relationship was on paper. The seclusion Albert was then thrust into because of his divorce allowed him to delve wholly into his work.Albert Einstein’s will to think was engrained in his psyche at an early age. Neffe finds this point to be a singular incident. During this phase, one experience in particular made a â€Å"deep and lasting impression† on Einstein: the day â€Å"my father showed me a compass. † He was surprised that its needle always pointed in the same direction without being touched. â€Å"Something deeply hidden had to be behind things. † The initiation of a genius? The â€Å"miracle† sheds light on the enigma of his uniqueness only up to a point.Nearly every child is amazed at the sight of a quivering compass needle or some other baffling physical phenomenon. As Einstein advances in years he becomes more focused on his work. Albert’s personal studies are the only consistent force in his life and soon encompass his life. Einstein’s obligatory migrations forced him to completely embrace his studies as a defense mechanism. There is a childlike quality that remains present in many men considered geniuses, but fails to connect to Einstein’s upbringing.The focused, isolationist psyche developed in his youth stayed with the man and developed the genius. Neffe describes the genius Albert Einstein’s contributions to science as indispensable. Neffe writes. â€Å"In addition to his contributions to the foundations of modern physics, he also made essential inroads in chemistry, provided the theoretical basis for the development of the laser, and, in his insatiable curiosity, answered questions such as why rivers bend and why the sky is blue. † Einstein’s isolation and devotion to his thoughts allowed him to develop his amazing theories.Neffe describes Einstein’s collaborations with other scientist and students in relation to work but does not fully describe the awkwardness that must have occurred between men of their nature. Einstein was turned down for many teaching positions and only received an honorary PhD. It is evident that every scientist greatly admires the dedication of Einstein to his work. A half-century after Einstein’s death, his theories, and the min d that spawned them, remain as baffling as ever to the public. Neffe offered a valid attempt to explain what created Einstein.He determines the defining moment of Einstein’s life at Nov. 6, 1919, the day when a joint session of Britain’s Royal Society and Royal Astronomical Society announced it had confirmed Einstein’s grandest idea, the general theory of relativity. According to the theory, gravity can generate enough force to bend light. Sir Frank Dyson, the Astronomer Royal, announced that the results left â€Å"no doubt† about the validity of Einstein’s prediction. Years later it was uncovered that the results in fact left considerable doubt, but Einstein’s supporters intuitively felt that the theory must be correct.The Times of London declared the finding â€Å"one of the most momentous, if not the most momentous, pronouncements of human thought. † Within days other media around the world followed. In an instant, Neffe writes, â €Å"Albert Einstein was reborn as legend and myth, idol and icon of an entire era. † Einstein showed his true qualities as a leader preceding and following World War II. Preceding the war, the German-Jew immigrant had the power to write the president, Theodore Roosevelt, urging leadership to begin nuclear weapons research to keep pace with Germany.Einstein’s nuclear theories, formulated for energy production, became the foundation for the work done during the Manhattan Project. Following the war, Einstein had the foresight to see the perils of a nuclear arms race and led the movement to slow nuclear progression. Einstein’s leadership qualities were honored the most when he was offered the Israeli Presidency by the government of Israel. Einstein’s influence was derived from his expert power and conceptual skill. Einstein never set out to be a leader, yet made some of the greatest contributions to the world’s society in history. ——†”———————————- [ 1 ]. Einstein: A Biography. Jurgen Neffe. (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007), 22 [ 2 ]. Einstein: A Biography. Jurgen Neffe. (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007), 87 [ 3 ]. Einstein: A Biography. Jurgen Neffe. (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007), 22 [ 4 ]. Einstein: A Biography. Jurgen Neffe. (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007), 151 [ 5 ]. Albert Einstein: A Leader in Science. Glen F. (Gather. com 2008)

Assisted Suicide Should Become Legal

Assisted Suicide Should Become Legal Free Online Research Papers Physician-Assisted Suicide Should Become Legalized Ever since the beginning of America, human rights have been established to help develop the freedom’s that exist today. The right to refuse unwanted medical treatment is a perfect example of such rights (statistic). Meaning, if a patient denies further treatment, the doctor must respect and obey the patient’s decision. Shouldn’t a person be allowed to decide when they wish to die? (rhetorical question). Currently, the law states that physician-assisted suicide is illegal under all circumstances; this even affects those with terminal or incurable illnesses. By not legalizing assisted suicide the government is causing pain and suffering to terminal citizens; also they are prohibiting a dignified human right. If a person discovered that they had a disease with only a low percentage of being cured, that may leave them feeling helpless and insecure. Of course, the doctor could continue treatments and operations (appeals to authority), but after a while, enough is enough. As the hospital bills begin rising and the operations are no longer helping, the patient begins wondering if there’s a light at the end of the tunnel or if they are going to be left alone in the dark (metaphor). With physician-assisted suicide, medical costs/hospital bills would be severely reduced which could help the economy in the future, and the patient’s family as well. Doctor and writer Wesley J. Smith suggests, â€Å"A poison that killed one patient cost $40. It could cost the Health Maintenance Organization $40,000 to care for them properly until natural death comes,† The medication would not be offered to any random person, only those with terminal illnesses and no desire to carry on. Death ass istance should only be available towards those whom nothing else is going to save them (Connors). People with depression should not have the same privileges as the terminally ill patients; only due to the fact that must depression can be cured eventually. Along with all the money going towards operations, comes the stress and suffering of the patient. Life for a patient is like a novel, it has a beginning, a rising action, a climax, a falling action and the end. If pain gets in the way and lengthens the amount of time before the end, then the novel may not be worth finishing, or in other words, life should not continue on longer than it has to. Everyone wants a peaceful, non-dramatic death; it’s a commonly shared idea (hyperbole). â€Å"Even where there is much suffering, dying people can find moments of meaning and connection,† says Doctor Timothy E. Quill. When people get caught between the choice of life or death, they find a different kind of mindset. Their priorities for themselves are more accurate, and they suddenly know what the best decision is for themselves. It’s obvious that patients who are suffering cannot ignore the fact that the pain will go away. The longer they choose to stay alive, the more it w ill affect them and possibly lead them to an unhealthy mindset. Quill also adds, â€Å"When we can help people achieve a peaceful, calm death, the kind of death we would all like to have, we are doing a wonderful task†. When it comes down to it, these terminal patients have been down a rough path and deserve nothing more than a peaceful, pain-free death. As previously stated, all patients have the right to refuse any medical treatment that they do not wish to have. A recent poll found that only 61% of people were aware of this law, and unfortunately 10% believed that the law demands a patient to accept any treatment the doctor wishes to provide (Torr). All terminal patients should have the general idea of their future, and perhaps knowing this outcome will help them decide what to do. If they notice that their future consists of a lot of risky surgeries, they may not wish to proceed. Unfortunately, things are not that easy in the medical world. When it comes to surgery, not one person will have the same outcome of another. The surgery may help some people; it could also make their status worse, or possibly will have no effect on the body. It’s just a risk that doctor’s have to take when they perform surgery, not knowing how the body will react. Sometimes these risks frighten the patient, and make them lean more towards death. Without assisted suicide, the ‘natural’ death of some patients may not come for months or even years. So then they’d have to deal with an endless period of suffering, which seems too inhumane for American freedoms. On the reverse side, many argue that physician-assisted suicide is not that way to go. There are a ton of reported cases of illegal assisted suicides all across the country. In Washington State one year, around 16% of physicians were asked to assist a patient in their death, and a quarter of those doctors gave patients lethal medication (Torr). Some also may seem assisted suicide as the easy way out, and that the patient must be at an ultimate low in their life if all they can think about is death. They find these people to be cowards and believe that they should take the risk of surgery, for the simple reason that you only have one life. Also, some would even consider assisted suicide as murder, even though the patient is the one who is requesting it. These people such as James D. Torr from the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, believe that there are other alternatives out there. Torr says, â€Å"The physician’s safest course is to tell a patient seeking medical as sistance in dying, ‘it’s illegal. Doctors don’t do this. You’re on your own†. He then feels that the patient will understand and seek another alternative instead of his or her own life. The fact of the matter is, the government should not be allowed to control when a terminal patient chooses to die. If the patient is in such horrible agony, and they refuse to take any more medical procedures, they should be given the option to take their own life with assistance peacefully. It’s understandable why some people feel as if physician-assisted suicide is unacceptable, but at the same time, how is a person supposed to argue against a topic that they haven’t experienced for themselves? They wouldn’t have the proper knowledge to support their opinion. If physician-assisted suicides were to become legal, it could relieve terminal patients of agony and stress, also it could benefit our hospital’s and citizens financially. Connors, Paul. â€Å"The Right-to-Die Movement Supports Death on Demand.† 2007. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. CRHS LMC, Mullica Hill. 19 Mar. 2009. Keyword: Assisted Suicide Quill, Timothy E. Dying Patients Should Have Access to Both Hospice Care and Assisted Suicide. 2000. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. CRHS LMC, Mullica Hill. 19 Mar. 2009. Keyword: Assisted Suicide Smith, Wesley J. â€Å"Physician-Assisted Suicide Should Not Be Legalized.† 2002. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. CRHS LMC, Mullica Hill. 19 Mar. 2009. Keyword: Assisted Suicide Torr, James D. â€Å"Physician-Assisted Suicide Should Not Be Legalized.† 2000. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. CRHS LMC, Mullica Hill. 19 Mar. 2009. Keyword: Assisted Suicide Research Papers on Assisted Suicide Should Become LegalArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Fifth HorsemanThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital PunishmentPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyGenetic Engineering19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceQuebec and CanadaThe Masque of the Red Death Room meanings

Creating a Splash Screen in Delphi Applications

Creating a Splash Screen in Delphi Applications The most basic splash screen is just an image, or more precisely, a form with an image, that appears in the center of the screen when the application is loading. Splash screens are hidden when the application is ready to be used. Below is more information on the different types of splash screens you may see, and why theyre useful, as well as steps for creating your own Delphi splash screen for your application. What Are Splash Screens Used For? There are several types of splash screens. The most common are start-up splash screens - the ones you see when an application is loading. These usually display the applications name, author, version, copyright, ​an image, or some type of icon, that uniquely identifies it. If you are a shareware developer, you could use splash screens to remind users to register the program. These may pop up when the program first launches, to tell the user that they can register if they want special features or to get email updates for new releases. Some applications use splash screens to notify the user of the progress of a time-consuming process. If you look carefully, some really large programs use this type of splash screen when the program is loading background processes and dependencies.  The last thing you want is for your users  to think that your program is dead  if some database task is performing.   Creating a Splash Screen Lets see how to create a simple start-up splash screen in a few steps: Add a new form to your project.Select New Form from the File menu in the Delphi IDE.Change the Name Property of the Form to something like SplashScreen.Change these Properties: BorderStyle to bsNone, Position to poScreenCenter.Customize your splash screen by adding components like  labels, images, panels, etc.You could first add one TPanel component (Align: alClient)  and play around with BevelInner, BevelOuter, BevelWidth, BorderStyle, and BorderWidth properties to produce some eye-candy effects.Select Project from the Options menu and move the Form from the Auto-create listbox to Available Forms.Well create a form on the fly and then display it before the application is actually opened.Select Project Source from the View menu.You can also do this through  Project View Source.Add the following code after the begin statement of the Project Source code (the .DPR file): Application.Initialize; //this line exists! SplashScreen : TSplashScreen.Create(nil) ; SplashScreen.Show; SplashScreen.Update; After the final Application.Create() and before the  Application.Run statement, add: SplashScreen.Hide; SplashScreen.Free; Thats it!  Now you can run the application. In this example, depending on the speed of your computer, you will barely see your new splash screen, but if you have more than one form in your project, the splash screen will certainly show up.For more information on making the splash screen stay a bit longer, read through the code in this Stack Overflow thread. Tip:  You can also make custom shaped Delphi forms.

The book the killer angels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The book the killer angels - Essay Example The story is characterized in a way that it is told from the  perspectives  of various  protagonists. Thus, this battle, fought for both freedom as well as the way of life, proved to be a very tough one as is shown by history. Michael Shaara (1928-88) was an eminent American author, was known for his fiction works based on the fields of science, sports fiction as well as history. He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, to an Italian family who had immigrated to America. He completed his graduation in the year 1915 from the Rutgers University. An important part of his life was his rendering of service to the 82nd Airborne division as a very determined and courageous sergeant. Shaara always harboured the desire to transform his feelings and emotions into words, and this influenced him to author a story of historical significance, which portrayed exactly what the people felt about the war. Therefore, the story is an insight into what the emotions and feelings people had under the situation of war and also what was the cause for the war. Summary: ‘The Killer Angels’ is an apt example of how language and writing can change the perspectives of people regarding a particular thing. This fictional story about the Civil War and especially the Gettysburg battle of 1863, brings to fore the perceptions of active members in the war, such as the generals and union generals namely: James Longstreet and Robert E. Lee as well as John Buford and Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain. The story Shaara tells seems to be more informative about the Gettysburg battle than any other non-fiction work on the same. Col. Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, one of the characters in the story, is seen to be a very highly inspiring figure, with â€Å"his Twentieth Maine Infantry Regiment† kept the left flank of the union safe and secure during the second day of the battle (Latham II). It is only with the help of this unit that the people were able to get an upper hand against the reb els at Little Round Top. This novel finds place in the hearts of civil war readers under the category of non-fictional works. This is so due to the fact that the way Shaara has portrayed the characters, there exists a high level of accuracy behind it as compared to the real events. Another reason is that the author has successfully made an account of important turning points that changed the fate of the Battle of Gettysburg. It comes as no surprise that a curious reader will definitely be left with the desire to know more about the battles as well as Civil War described in the novel. There are a lot of people who think that reading history is a process that involves nothing but getting bored, this book is more than enough to prove those notions wrong. The book also opposes another belief that historical writing holds, which is that readers interested in war novels are more inclined to know things from the perspective of the common soldier and not the generals, who are blessed to sta y in the dignified atmosphere of rear headquarters, moving armies around like chess pieces. For anyone who thinks the fighting at Gettysburg was simply a large battle in a big field, Shaara has painted a moving picture of the three-day battle that reveals not only the elaborateness of the  Civil War, but the personal lives and thoughts of the men who fought in it. By taking first-hand accounts written in journals and letters, Shaara has intertwined a piece of historical fiction. The

Compare professional and non-professional correspondence Essay

Compare professional and non-professional correspondence - Essay Example One ought to speak slowly and clear in order for the listener to understand. Most importantly, one should use proper language and tone when addressing any person officially. One should e-mail a sergeant or sheriff in the formal way of writing a mail. This is because it is an official e-mail. Moreover, it should appear in the manner one writes a formal letter (Berlo, 2006). Therefore, there should be an address to the sergeant and the tone needs to be formal. Additionally, a sergeant or sheriff is a figure of authority and deserves the same level of communication as a sign of respect. Arguably, judicial communication is very formal. Therefore, when an individual meets a judge along the courthouse hallway, he or she is to take a bow. Additionally, one should address him or her as â€Å"your honor.† This is because it is the title given to the judge within the courtrooms. Moreover, judges differ and failure to bow could lead one to be in contempt of face. However, this depends on the judge. As a result, one needs to be on the safer

HR assignment for BP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

HR assignment for BP - Essay Example They are a very core part of the human resource management of any big company. Still under line managers, there are front-line managers who act as teams leaders and supervisors and report to the line mangers they work under. Having line managers makes the overall management function of a company simple and well coordinated (Gomez-Mejia and Robert, 2008). IT training has become an indispensable part of managing a big business with ease. It involves imparting computing skills to employees who run the virtual functions of a business. Today’s big businesses have immensely reduced paper-works and resorted to having very secure databases, and networked computer system which make global outreach not much of a hustle. In this front, BP conducts IT training on regular basis to ensure that the IT systems run effectively and are secure from hacking and other cyber-threats (Han et al, 2006). No business competes favorably today without integrating IT in their core operations. Training must be carried out from time to time in order to conform to the dynamicity of the computer world. At the end of such training, assessments need to be conducted to check if it was done in a manner that meets the prescribed standards (Proctor, 2011). Line managers and IT training are thus two different sections of a business, but that doesn’t rule out the fact they work harmoniously in order to achieve the goals of a company. They both are very important and must be run efficiently and

Medicaid Funding Relationship with Nonprofit Organizations

Medicaid Funding Relationship with Nonprofit Organizations Introduction/Background Allard and Smith (2014) define legally incorporated, tax-exempt entities that provide specific services to be nonprofit social service organizations. They can help low-income families that might not qualify for federal assistance. Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) can range vastly in their size, scope, and form, but they are all reliant on donations and public funds to support their operations. This public funding is supported by grants, contracts, and tax credits (Smith et al. 2012). The way in which Medicaid works can be somewhat complex. From the agency standpoint, Medicaid has set values for services its clients might use. Documentation of the actual cost of a service provided is not needed, as clients need only to prove the service was provided. Once there is proof of the service being provided, Medicaid pays out a specific dollar amount for each service. This vendor rate, sometimes referred to as the fee-for-service model, requires the agencies to consistently serve enough Medicaid-eligible clients to break even amongst their revenues. The state will only offer a certain rate for outpatient mental health counseling services, for example, regardless of an individual agencys own internal cost structure (Smith et al. 2012). The Affordable Care Act (ACA), passed in 2010, has drastically increased the number of insured Americans. The ACA, which is frequently nicknamed Obamacare, prohibited insurance companies from denying coverage based on pre-existing health and vastly expanded the number of low-income families eligible for Medicaid. It also set a standard requirement for all United States citizens to have the minimum essential coverage of healthcare (MEC). Medicaid Funding for Nonprofits The practice of using Medicaid to supplement nonprofit organizations funds began in the 1980s. The social movement to provide services to the elderly and disabled led to increased government support for social services (US General Accounting Office, 1984). This has expanded greatly since then, with the main source of care belonging to substance abuse and mental health services. One blatant benefit Medicaid funding can have for nonprofits is its quick turnaround. Even though its services are aimed primarily at high-risk groups, Medicaid funding reimbursed at a much higher rate than other insurance options for such population groupings when compared in 2006. Medicaid has boomed in the past several years, having expanded its pool of clients to cover more and more people. Reimbursement rates allow nonprofit social service organizations to cross-subsidize their resources to other activities that might not otherwise receive sufficient funding (Smith, 2007). Unforeseen Consequences: Effects of Medicaid on NPO Funding Nonprofits exist as a federal safety net to supplement lacking government and community services. Two main problems that arise when deep dependency is placed on publicly funded nonprofit social services. State governments have been recently pressured to reduce spending on programs to make more room in the budget. Additionally, nonprofits must cope with the pressures associated with being the second order social welfare program of the government. Because all federal and state dollars are allocated at a local level for social service programs, the activity reflects the preferences and capability of the community (Allard Smith, 2014). Medicaid allocates funding to a significant portion of social service organizations in the nonprofit sector, even though such organizations may not primarily be health care providers. Over 50% of the nonprofits focused on mental health and substance abuse reported Medicaid funding in their surveys. Medicaid revenues were also provided to over 40% of those providers of mental health or substance abuse services who also engaged in assistances ranging from employment services to emergency response. It is important to note, however, that only 3.2% of these organizations providing employment or emergency services did not provide the additional substance abuse or mental health services (Allard Smith, 2014). This data indicates that while Medicaid provides funding to a wide range of nonprofits, it does place a significant emphasis on those dealing with health services in its diverse range. An Assessment of the Arguments As discussed earlier, nonprofits receive funding from Medicaid based on the services provided. To receive funding, an organization must show proof of a service provided to an individual. In this way, the funding is based on individual clients seeking services from nonprofit organizations. The mission of the organization, therefore, influences how much funding it will ultimately receive from Medicaid. In this way, Medicaid funding is said to follow clients rather than being given to a specific nonprofit organization. Nonprofits must factor in this design when creating their mission statement. They can more effectively secure their funding by having a service mission targeted towards populations that receive Medicaid coverage. Additionally, larger organizations are more likely to receive Medicaid funding because they have more resources and staff to provide these services. Conversely, smaller organizations often find themselves less likely to receive Medicaid funding regardless of their mission statement if they do not have the scale to provide as many services as their larger counterparts (Allard Smith, 2014). Conclusion Nonprofits largely reliant on Medicaid for their funding may often find themselves at the mercy of elements out of their hand. They depend on the flow of Medicaid-eligible clients using their services and resources. Thus, nonprofits are dependent on the eligibility of the clients they serve. State policies dictate Medicaid eligibility, so nonprofits are vulnerable to changes in state economics and legislation. Since it is a modest source of revenue for many nonprofits, greater instability and unpredictability may make Medicaid a less desirable source of revenue (Allard Smith, 2014). While Medicaid might not be able to be concretely predicted, it is still better than not being able to accept Medicaid at all. While it may seem precarious, organizations must adapt to changing sources of revenue regardless of if it is government-funded or not. References Allard, S. W., Smith, S. R. (2014). Unforeseen consequences: Medicaid and the funding of nonprofit service organizations. Journal of Health Politics, Policy Law, 39(6), 1135-1172. Smith, Steven Rathgeb. 2007. Medicaid funding of social services: implications for social and health policy. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, August 31. Smith, Vernon K., Kathleen Gifford, Eileen Ellis, Robin Rudowitz, and Laura Snyder. 2012. Medicaid today: preparing for tomorrow; a look at state Medicaid program spending, enrollment and policy trends. Washington, DC: Kaiser Family Foundation, Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. US General Accounting Office (GAO). 1984. States Use Several Strategies to Cope with Funding Reductions under Social Services Block Grant (SSBG).GAO/HRD-84-68. Washington, DC: GAO.

Personal Narrative: Reflections on 7th grade English Class Essay

Looking back to the beginning of 7th grade English class I now realized of all the great things I have accomplished this year for English class. I am proud of how hard I worked this year and how my English has gotten better. I am proud to have been part of Ms D's English class and she is a phenomenal teacher. I think that one day I will be able to work as a English teacher like Ms D or I will become a journalist. Although I must say that when I first entered English class I had so many different thoughts. The first thought was about the teacher. I didn?t know if I would have been able to get along with Ms. D because she had looked like a professional person in which doesn?t play around. I was nervous but I knew I would have to try my best to get along with her. When class began I saw how Ms D loved to make her students write essays and that is what I knew I was good at. I saw how she was organized and she wasn?t strict nor she wasn?t mean. Ms. D was actually pretty great and funny. When class had first began I felt strong about my reading because my father used to make me read the newspaper about the age of 5 years old and at home I would have to speak loudly and clearly in front of her or else the things in which I wanted wouldn?t be granted in front of me. I knew that I wasn?t perfect but I knew that I would have to work on my vocabulary because in my country we usually didn?t speak proper English and I knew that the way that you talk is the way you would normally read and it?s the way you would write. I knew that I would have to throw away my bad English and learned English the right way. I feel excellent about reading now and I am more confident than before. I fee... ...proud of. Two things in which I learned this year and I think will be important is to not repeat myself when writing and if your introduction paragraph is not engaging to any readers no one would want to read your essay and it introduces the part of your writing. I also learned that quotes go around something in which a person says and that when there is a new paragraph with quotes around it means that a new speaker is talking. S Symbolism is an object that stands for something or someone. Looking back to the beginning of the year I can see that I was a natural writer and reader. I am confident to move onto 8th grade. There were so many techniques that Ms D introduced us to and it can definitely help us to be a better reader and writer. I will definitely miss Ms. D next year. My reflections are shown in this essay. Personal Narrative: Reflections on 7th grade English Class Essay Looking back to the beginning of 7th grade English class I now realized of all the great things I have accomplished this year for English class. I am proud of how hard I worked this year and how my English has gotten better. I am proud to have been part of Ms D's English class and she is a phenomenal teacher. I think that one day I will be able to work as a English teacher like Ms D or I will become a journalist. Although I must say that when I first entered English class I had so many different thoughts. The first thought was about the teacher. I didn?t know if I would have been able to get along with Ms. D because she had looked like a professional person in which doesn?t play around. I was nervous but I knew I would have to try my best to get along with her. When class began I saw how Ms D loved to make her students write essays and that is what I knew I was good at. I saw how she was organized and she wasn?t strict nor she wasn?t mean. Ms. D was actually pretty great and funny. When class had first began I felt strong about my reading because my father used to make me read the newspaper about the age of 5 years old and at home I would have to speak loudly and clearly in front of her or else the things in which I wanted wouldn?t be granted in front of me. I knew that I wasn?t perfect but I knew that I would have to work on my vocabulary because in my country we usually didn?t speak proper English and I knew that the way that you talk is the way you would normally read and it?s the way you would write. I knew that I would have to throw away my bad English and learned English the right way. I feel excellent about reading now and I am more confident than before. I fee... ...proud of. Two things in which I learned this year and I think will be important is to not repeat myself when writing and if your introduction paragraph is not engaging to any readers no one would want to read your essay and it introduces the part of your writing. I also learned that quotes go around something in which a person says and that when there is a new paragraph with quotes around it means that a new speaker is talking. S Symbolism is an object that stands for something or someone. Looking back to the beginning of the year I can see that I was a natural writer and reader. I am confident to move onto 8th grade. There were so many techniques that Ms D introduced us to and it can definitely help us to be a better reader and writer. I will definitely miss Ms. D next year. My reflections are shown in this essay.

History of Computers

Well, the English dictionary states that it is â€Å"Also called [a] processor. An electronic device designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations at high speed, and display the results of these operations† (dictionary, 201 1). But, computers are much more than that. Computers are not Just pieces of equipment, they are tools that make up our everyday lives and greatly help and facilitate them; they make our lives faster, easier, simpler, and more efficient.They have only been around for a small amount time. They are part of the modern era† as some refer to it, and are the fastest growing technology in man's history (History of Computers, 2011). There are many debates going on about which computer was the first one to be invented. This question is very difficult to answer if it is not more specific. The reason being that it all depends on what you are looking for in a computer. There are many types of computers, and they can be arranged in categories.Some examples of categories include, analog computers, hybrid computers, portable computers, desktop computers, war computers, mainframe computers, mini computers, corrupters, and the list goes on and on (Types of Computers, 2011). The list could also Include things Like satellites, GAPS systems, and house security alarms. All these things can be called computers because they have characteristics of computers, and are processors. For this reason, there is no definite answer to the question â€Å"Which was the first computer ever built? â€Å". The question has not been left unanswered, though.The first programmable computer ‘Turing COLOSSUS' appeared in the year 1943, and by many has been named the first computer to exist. It was used to â€Å"decipher World War II coded messages from Germany† (The History of the Computer, 2011). This was the main task that computers had at that time. They were used as â€Å"war computers† and were used to encode and decode messages from enemies. As stated above, it was the â€Å"first programmable computer. This means that in that category, the programmable computer category, It was the first, but It does not mean that It was the first â€Å"computer† ever to be Invented.Others attribute the title of â€Å"first electronic computer† and â€Å"first computer† to MANIAC. This was â€Å"the brain† of Turing Colossus (The History of the Computer, 2011). MANIAC was developed by John W. Macaulay and J. Prosper Cocker at the university of Pennsylvania, and by many is considered the first computer. MANIAC set many records, including the cost, space, and material used to build it. It used an extraordinary number of 18,000 vacuum tubes and 1800 square Ft. Of space, to build. First Computers, 2011 MANIAC was a major step in the development of the computer, but two inventions that really spurred on the building of computers were the Silicon Chip and Transistor. Both made it possible for computers such as MANIAC, to be reduced to a much smaller size, which cost less and was also more efficient and safer. The Transistor was created by people working at Bell Labs, and the Silicon Chip was Invented by Jack SST. Claim Spiky of Texas Instruments. Colons Chips are still used In our modern portable computers, and they are the reason why we have portable computers since they greatly reduce the size needed for a processor. Amputees like MANIAC smaller, safer, and more affordable. This meant that instead of only government owning computers, now businesses could own computers. The computers were still too big, dangerous, and laborious for home use. The computers were not safe, because like the MANIAC, that had so many parts, it had to be maintained by professionals. These many parts also had to be replaced very often. Because of this, these tasks were extremely time consuming and meant that the computers were laboriously slow machines and were not yet efficient. The company that was responsible for many of the â€Å"first computers† was MOM.This company was the â€Å"unquestioned market leader in selling these large, expensive, error-prone, and very hard to use machines† (Mainframes to PC's, 2011). After the Silicon Chip came to be, the change from big computers to portable everyday-use computers, was under way. The portable computers started coming out in the early asses (Mainframes to PC's, 2011). The first major company to design computers was IBM but then companies like Apple, Microsoft, and Dandy Radio Shack started producing their own portable computers, which IBM had not yet done.IBM at this time was still not involved in the â€Å"portable computer business† (The History of the Computer, 2011). IBM was still producing government and business owned computers. The two first people to create computer code were Bill Gates and Paul Allen. Their program was called a BASIC program and later Bill Gates created Microsoft which old computer software (Personal Computer History, 2011). IBM was the first, though, to create a PC computer which could add pieces to its architecture (Mainframes to PC's, 2011).Apple's Macintosh was the first computer to come out with a GUI (graphical user interface). This meant that it could be programmed by people at home, was easy to use with its interface, and it included a mouse, which meant it was a personal favorite at home for the people, while IBM was well liked by businesses and big corporations because of its programs like Microsoft Word, Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, ND its spreadsheets (Mainframes to PC's, 2011). In 1977, Dandy Radio Shack and Apple had the only machines equipped with disk drives.This meant that their software could be sold on â€Å"floppy disks† and this made it easier for them, and helped their companies become very successful (Knight Dan, 2001). The portable computer industry continued to evolve and change, but it took a couple decades before th ey started producing the kinds of computers we have now. Next, came the evolution of the new portable computers. Just like the big computers MANIAC and UNIVAC, the portable computers had a â€Å"revolution† of their win, where they improved as better programs and better devices were created. This â€Å"revolution† is fairly recent, less than a decade ago, up until now.One of the major milestones in technological and computer advancements was the touchstones. Computers called tablet PC's started being produced, and touchstones smart-phones, too. Tablet PC's are capable of being written on with a special pen. Now, computer companies are trying to build the smallest, fastest, most portable computers, and these computers are being called â€Å"Notebooks†. Also, some of the newer computers re equipped with built-in internet, meaning that anywhere the user is, the computer receives an internet signal and it can connect to the World Wide Web (WWW).Apple â€Å"app stor e† of its own, meaning users can download applications ranging from school to games and these pap's prices range from free to around $50. Some have even called this a cultural revolution in computer development (Elliptic Antonio, 2011). There are also other computers that can have third-party software downloaded onto them. This means that any person that can create computer software can then share it with a community of people. This is all made possible by the World Wide Web. Computers have drastically changed the way we work, both the efficiency and productivity has sky rocketed.Computers are now used for science, calculations, medicine, and also things like D building. Our whole stock exchange market is made up of computers who calculate and then communicate the news to the public. Computers are also frequently used to create plans for buildings, homes, and businesses. They can also help save lives in the medicine and search fields. They can help prevent illnesses and can al so help find outbreaks from others and even cover new ones (The Pros and Cons of Technology Today, 2011). Next comes the World Wide Web (WWW), and it makes computers even more useful.The World Wide Web connects the entire world together with an internet network, and many new purposes for computers have arisen thanks to it. First of all, computers are very important for communication. We can now communicate with people on the other side of the world, in only a matter of seconds. This is done through social networks, emails, and instant messaging programs. All our technology has greatly increased our productivity as we can share our findings with others in a horn amount of time. Also, smart-phones have evolved so much that now they are being called â€Å"portable computers† themselves.We can almost do everything on our phones that we can do on our computers, now. This is the reason why many believe that in a few years, computers will have disappeared and smart-phones and tablet s will replace them. Some even say that in 2011, smart-phones and tablets will take over (Lour Steve, 2011). With all the positives stated above, there are also some â€Å"side-effects† created from computer usage. One example being that some people rely so much on technology hat when it fails them, they are unproductive. Also, computers now decrease the amount of exercise people get.Now, people tend to spend most of their day at work, on the computer ,and then at home in front of their TV's. This has greatly affected, for example, the obesity death rate in the United States. Around 600,000 adults each year die from physical inactivity and this number has been increasing each year (Obesity Levels in America, 2008). This is due to laziness among the people, created by use of technology, and has been an increasing factor in health issues. Many people are not getting enough exercise because they are on their computers too much, and this is one of the major negatives that compute rs have brought about.Also, it has been proven by many eye doctors that being in front of a computer screen for too long can damage the eye sight. Other health issues have arisen too concerning rays that could be emitted from computers and could be dangerous to our bodies (Hartmann Thomas, 2011). There have been many assumptions made about what will happen to the they will continue to evolve into ways that are at the moment unimaginable, and they ill make our lives more CEO-friendly. That is a major development right now in computers. Scientists are finding new ways to make houses CEO-friendly and more efficient in the way they work.This is all related to computers, since the houses are equipped with computer processors of their own. Some houses of the future will include automatic heating systems and automatic blinds. For example, they will receive data from a nearby weather station and then they will apply this to the house so that they can make the house cooler on a hot day and w armer on a cold day. They ill also have houses with refrigerators, for example, that display when they are about to run out of food and what they are running out of.There are lists that go on and on about the development of the future for computers and how they will change the way we think and live. Computers are huge parts of our daily lives and many experts believe that it will stay that way for a long time to come. They believe that the technology will improve and speed up our work and make it more efficient. There are others, though, that believe that computers are making our generations lazier and not as scholarly. This is major debate that is on going about computers and their pros and cons.