Saving Morality The Implications of Hard Determinism

Hard determinism, the acceptance of determinism and the rejection of libertarian free will, results in some serious consequences for moral responsibility. At its most extreme interpretation a form of moral nihilism arises. †Without God ... everything is permitted now.†[1] That is, if determinism holds true, then there is no free choice, and without free choice there can be no moral responsibility. By taking hard determinism to its logical conclusion, and evaluating the results of a steadfast adherence to the theory this paper serves to show that moral nihilism is not the inevitable end to morality in a hard determinist framework. Instead morality, if not wholly, at least partially, is capable of being maintained by the hard determinist.†¦show more content†¦In this case the maxim might be, if one is in the position to save the life of another without significant harm to themselves, they should. This can be contrasted with a non-moral ’ought’ such as †you ought to eat because you are hungry.† These type of non-moral prescriptive ’oughts’ are hypothetical imperatives and are simply commandments of reason. It follows from the lack of moral responsibility that moral obligation in a deterministic framework is meaningless, and as such the moral ’ought’ is normatively empty. It seems impossible to reconcile determinism with the moral ’ought’ as statements such as †you ought not have lied† implies that you could have chosen to do otherwise. Yet there may be a way to maintain the moral ’ought’, even if only as a component of reason. According to Henry Sidgwick, †the adoption of [hard] Determinism will not-except in certain exceptional circumstances or on certain theological assumptionsreasonably modify a man’s view of what it is right for him to do or his reasons for doing it.†[3] This is possible because although moral obligation lacks n ormative force without free choice, it in some form can still remain. It makes no sense for a hard determinist to disregard hypothetical imperatives as nonsensical simply because of a lack of free choice. If a hard determinist is hungry they will eat. Whether they could have done otherwise is irrelevant, they were simply following a prescriptive ruleShow MoreRelatedStrategic Human Resource Management72324 Words   |  290 Pages- Design Principles What is the External Context for a HRM Strategy? What is the Internal Context for a HRM Strategy? Developments in Human Resources HRM Strategy and Lifecycle Stage What if the Organisation is going through Structural Change? 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Performance measurement and control systemsRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesand management theory Critical theory develops new understanding of ‘the scientific approach’ ‘The sciences of the spirit’ The models of ‘natural science’ and the ‘sciences of the spirit’ come together Critical theory has practical organizational implications The development of psychoanalysis as a challenging perspective in organization theory Psychoanalysis gives insight into organizations as a ‘practical theory’ T he challenge of psychoanalysis to organizations The key challenges of psychoanalysisRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagespeace but domestic warfare; more leisure but less fun; more kinds of food but less nutrition. These are the days of two incomes but more divorce, of fancier houses but broken homes. These are the days of quick trips, disposable diapers, throw-away morality, one-night stands, overweight bodies, and pills that do everything from cheer to quiet to kill. It is a time when there is much in the show window and nothing in the stockroom. (Moorehead, n.d.) This book is built on the presumption that developingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesclimate change. Tucker concludes his rather pessimistic assessment of these key dimensions of the twentieth-century experience with cautionary explorations of key sources of our increased recognition and understanding of these processes and their implications for life on the planet, as well as with an overview of some of the measures that have been proposed for bringing them under control. 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Safety Program Development Free Essays

string(38) " very far without management support\." Effective evaluation of the safety program. Increase employers and employees’ involvement in worksheet hazard assessment and control by 25%. Reduce accident rate by 25% Pages Appendix 01 â€Å"Safety health program responsibilities† Appendix 02 â€Å"Job Safety Analysis OSHA)† 12 Appendix 03 â€Å"Sample form for correction tracking† 15 Appendix 04 â€Å"Rout cause analysis† 18 I. We will write a custom essay sample on Safety Program Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Chapter 01 : Management Employee involvement The overall safety in a workplace is a responsibility of both the employers and employees. The employers need to work together with their employees toward safety improvements. Management must encourage employees’ involvement in improving safety. Employees need to inform and communicate with management to what is needed to be done to improve safety. L. A. Being a visible management and taking charge Management must prove their commitment and detection toward achieving a safer environment for their workers. Management musts make themselves visible by being out there in the working area inspecting how to improve safety. Getting where you can be seen: Be visible when taking parts in any operation in order to be more aware of the working environment and the employees. This way the workers feel appreciated and aware of management good intentions for improving safety. This method can be done formally or informally depending on management participation levels. 0 Being Accessible: Employees need to have chances to communicate to management when necessary without going through complicated procedures. The employers must give the employees an easy two way communication process for reporting situations, comments or any work related issue regarding safety. Sacrificing or cutting authority to obtain accessibility between management and workers is not necessary. Adequate accessibility is as simple as having an open door policy or skipping large formal meeting. Being an example: When rules and regulation are issue management should be the first to follow it showing the workers their participation and dedication. Rules must apply to everyone in the workplace with no exception. Following rules can be as simple as wearing safety equipment, such as, safety glasses. Taking charge: Management must be clear on what is required by their workers. Rules, regulations and polices must be officially stated and written in a clear easy to understand language. In addition, rules and regulation must be enforced with no exception. Management must follow on safety processes and make sure that individuals are performing their responsibilities. Management must not neglect employee involvement regarding safety issues. Workers are the first to be exposed to potential hazards. Workers are the ones who understand what must be done to reduce hazards associate with working procedures. Management need to encourage and increase worker precipitations, making them more aware of their safety roles and expectations. Employees can help management in safety issues by: Participating in Joint labor-management committees and other advisory or specific purpose committees. Conducting site inspections. Analyzing routine hazards in each step of a Job and/or a process and preparing safe work practices or controls or eliminate or reduce exposure. Developing and revising the site safety and health rules. Providing program and presentations at safety and health meetings. Training of both current and newly haired employees. Conducting accident or incident investigations. Management can increase employees’ precipitation in safety by: Showing workers management’s detection to make the workplace safer and healthier. Adequate leadership from management that leads to employees’ commitment. Management must not refuse any worker involvement; get as many help as you can. Reward and recognize workers for their efforts and accomplishments in achieving safety or following rules. Be clear on want you need workers to do (good communication). Give workers the resources necessary to perform the Job with the adequate training. Show your seriousness in their work toward safety. II. Chapter 02: Supervision and responsibility to the safety program All personal and acknowledge and understand their responsibilities toward safety. The employer has a responsibility to his/her workers, making sure that they are not exposed to any potential hazards and work in a safe environment. In addition, employers must clearly communicate with workers about their responsibilities toward safety, making ere that no confusion occurs. II. A. Reviewing existing organization Management must understand and be well inform of each individual safety roles in the workplace. Employees’ roles in any safety and health program can be identified by using a specific worksheet (Appendix OLL- Page 04). Organizational structure and Job titles vary from one company to the next, but they include general assignments of health responsibilities. Some examples Job titles and job decryption include: President/owner/site manager: Establish policies – provide leadership resources – set objectives – assign susceptibilities – hold people accountable – interact with employees – set a good example – review accident reports – provide medical programs – establish safety training programs. Safety and health director/coordinator: Maintain safety health – familiar with safety laws – aware of all presented hazards and their preventions – evaluation of the workplace’ safety – design control preventive procedures – assist support supervisors employees regarding safety – communicate safety rules – review hazard reports – evaluate emergency drills. Plant superintendents/division managers/directors: Provide leadership – maintain accountability – follow up on employees’ suggestions analyze the facility for potential hazards – follow up on periodic hazards analysis encourage reporting hazards by employees – provide the necessary PEP (Personal Protective Equipment) – maintain safety meetings – help develop emergency procedures. Supervisors: Evaluate worker’s performances – encourage precipitation in safety and health programs follow up on preventive maintenance – investigate accidents – discourage short cuts follow safety rules – familiarize everyone with emergency procedures. Employees’ responsibilities: Understand all safety rules – responsible for your safety and the safety of other employees – offer safety and health suggestions – get involve in safety – be aware of your responsibilities in an emergency – know where the first aid kit is – report all accidents. II. B. Assigning determining responsibilities Corporate management roles in safety: Management is responsible to their employees for providing a working area free of any recognized hazards that can causes injury or death. Managements must establish specific goals and objectives that aim to reduce injuries caused by specific unsafe behaviors. Any safety and health program will not be able to go very far without management support. You read "Safety Program Development" in category "Papers" Management must hold employees accountable for their actions. This can be done by rewarding workers for following safety and taking the necessary disciplinary action when they fail to follow safety rules. Management need to obtain constant feedback for determining the effectiveness of the safety program. In addition, management must get involve in the safety program, through attention to workers, precipitation in investigations and following safety rules. The facility manager roles in safety: The facility manager must acknowledge his or her responsibilities to maintain adequate house keeping, establishing safe working procedures and making sure that employees follow them. The shape and physical condition of the facility also plays an important role in achieving safety. The facility manager must make sure that everything is in good condition, taking employees suggestions into active consideration. Workers must obtain adequate training in using PEP and machines operations. Also, the facility manger must educate the employees about the areas’ safety rules and polices, making sure that they are followed correctly. The facility manager is accountable to both upper management and his or her employees. The facility mangers must also have significant involvement in communications, obtaining feedback and performing tours around the working area (formal informal) making any necessary corrections. First line supervisor roles in safety and health: The first line supervisor has more specific goals and objectives compare to other managers. The first line supervisor has various roles regarding safety, since he or she is in first contact with the employees. He or she need to set the necessary standard or achieving safety through good housekeeping and desired safety conditions. The first line supervisor must determine the employees understanding and practice of safety rules and regulation in the work area. Effective safety training of employees and continuous observation from the first line supervisor is essential. Employees’ level of safety awareness can be increased by: Setting specific working standards and following them through. Employees’ precipitation in safety meeting with their superiors. Following up on safety inspection and making all the necessary corrections. Management recognizes employees’ outstanding achievements toward safety. Supervisors must sincerely listen to employees’ complaints and suggestions. The employer must provide an adequate Hazard (Hazard Communication Standers) to his or her employees. Information on all the chemicals in the workplace must be easily accessible to workers in case of an emergency. In addition, proper training for chemical handling, storage and transportation is necessary as part of an ongoing process. Ill. A. Chemical overview, communication standards hazards Chemical overview: Chemicals can be either in a solid, liquid or gaseous state. Chemicals can be found in drums, tanks, pressure vessels and process systems. Responses to spills or exposure depend on the chemical properties. Material Safety Data Sheets (MASS) and labels on the chemical containers are essential for determining how workers must respond. Hazard communication standards: Chemical handling requires adequate training before any initiations are taken. The training and education must include the following: Knowledge about Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA) standards. Knowledge on all chemicals in the workplace and hazards associate with them. Informing workers of the facility written plan to deal with chemical hazards. How to use MASS and labels. How can workers protect themselves and others. Hazards: Physical Hazards: Physical hazards includes, a sudden violent reaction involving flammable, explosive or reactive materials. Proper handling is the key to deal with physical hazards. Information from MASS can be obtained about storing, mixing or moving chemicals. Physical hazards can be identified as: Oxidized Water reactive Organic peroxide Combustible Health Hazards: Chemicals can cause adverse health effects if workers became over exposed. There are two types of health effects: Acute health effects: occurs over short periods of time due to immediate exposure, they can be minor or serious. Some examples include burning or irritation. Chronic health effects: occurs over long periods of time due to prolong exposure in small amounts. Some examples include cancer, liver disease or lead poisoning. Ill. B. Exposure limits, controlling exposure Safety on the Job Exposure limits: Exposure limits are governmental standards indicating when overexposure occurs. PEEL – Permissible Exposure Limit: Must not be exceeded, over an our average rookery. TTL – Threshold Limit Value: Must not be exceeded, over an our average workday. STEEL – Short-Term Exposure Limit: can be safety exposed to over 1 5-minute period. IDLE – Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health: very hazardous, must not be exposed to. Controlling exposures: There are several methods used to control exposures to chemicals. Engineering controls can be use to keep exposures below PEEL and TTL levels. Also, maintaining adequate ventilation system can reduce exposure to hazardous chemicals. When exposure can not be avoided, using proper PEP depending on the chemical is essential. PEP are used to prevent exposure through skin absorption, inhalation, ingestion and injection. Chemical safety on the Job: Identify all chemical hazards in the workplace. Know how to deal with chemical in both regular and emergency operations. Treat unknown chemical as hazardous ones. Make sure to use the appropriate PEP by looking at MASS. Inspect your PEP before and after use. Know the workplace emergency procedures. Know location of emergency showers, first aid kits, fire extinguishers and eyewash. Always secure the exposed area and ask for help. Maintain good hygiene to prevent outside exposures. IV. Chapter 04: Lockout / Dugout There are energies in the workplace that might be accidentally released and cause serious injuries or death. The employers, with the proper training of workers, must prevent the accidental release of these hazardous energies. This can be achieved through using lockout/dugouts. ‘V. A. What is lockout/dugout when they must be perform What is lockout/dugout? Lockouts: The employer places a lock on any energy isolating device, making sure it cannot be removed from the closed position. Such devices include circuit breaker or valve handle. Dugout: The employer attaches a written note (warring tag) on the equipment or device that How to cite Safety Program Development, Papers

Henry IV Essay Example For Students

Henry IV Essay One of the most important aspects of 1 Henry IV is the development andtransgressions of Hal who is the Prince of Wales and heir to the throne. Theplays focus on the family reminds us that the struggles England endured throughits growth were largely struggles inside the royal family. Hals character is ata point where he is unable to define who he will be; a responsible part of themonarch, as his father would like to see, or a rogue as is John Falstaff. Throughout the play the prince keeps company with Falstaff, who is indeed aknight but hardly acts as one would hope. He lies, robs travellers and frequentsthe bar and whorehouse owned by Mistress Quickly. By scene iv of the fifth actit is clear that the Prince will fulfil his role and embrace his noble birth bystanding with his father to fight against the rebels. At the end of the battleHal makes it clear to himself but also to Falstaff that he will no longer beamongst his clan of rabble rousers. Undoubtedly Prince Hal is a noble characteron a small scale and as early on as the second scene in the first act he ishinting at his uncertainties about his role in the state. He states: Sowhen this loose behavior I throw off / and pay the debt I neverpromised In this loose behavior refers to his dealing withFalstaff and the low life of the tavern and the debt he neverpromised is upholding the lineage of the monarchy. However, it is notuntil the battle when Hal puts his selfish, albeit true, loyalty behind him anddefends his father who is being attacked by Douglas. Although he does not killDouglas, Hal shows that he has become a man of honour and dignity. His fatherrecognises this: In this fair rescue thou hast brought to mesome tenderof my life. This shows that Hals decision to change is outwardly apparentto others, but most importantly, to his father. Another aspect of Halscommitment to change can be seen in the lines that Shakespeare has given him. Most of the audience members would already be well acquainted with the story ofHenry IV so it was especially important that the language be varied and colorfulenough to keep the audience interested. In Act V, scene iv Hal is given linesthat seem extraordinarily defiant but masking an internal struggle. Hotspur If Imistake not, thou art Harry Monmouth. Prince Thou speakst as if I would deny myname. Hotspur My name is Harry Percy. Prince Why, then I see A very valiantrebel of the name. I am the Prince of Wales; and think not, Percy, To share withme in glory any more. Two stars keep not their motion in one sphere; The Prince,rather than hastily disregarding his former ways, still holds respect forHotspur even though it is apparent by this time that he will defeat the rebel ashe promised his father. Hal speaks respectfully towards Hotspur but proclaimsthat he will no more deny his name as he has done up until thispoint in regards to his duty. This shows the audience that he has come to t ermswith his identity. Hals use of language throughout the scene furtherexpresses his acceptance of rank. Until this scene, Hal has spoken in verse onlyin the company of other nobility and in prose when with his friends in thetavern. The shift in his method of speech reveals to the audience that Hal felthe could move between the two spheres of society, between his father andFalstaff without having to have a static identity. His acceptance of his placein society can be seen in that he decides, for the first time, to speak in versewhen addressing Falstaff: I prithee, speak; we will not trust our eyesWithout our ears: thou art not what thou seemst. . Shakespeare makes Halstransgressions all the more important because it takes place during the firsttime that all the characters, from both the palace and the tavern, are in thesame scene. In a sense, Hal is forced to choose a side. There is such a dynamicsocial contrast that the royalty and low life seem allthe more on the fringes. In addi tion, there is the added presense of a climatethat fosters nobility and morality. The true nature of the individual charactersare bound to show themselves. When put in this predicament, the princesgravitation toward maturity and acceptance of his place comes a forth and hisfathers distinction from the other characters becomes clear. For the firsttime Hal recognizes that there is a rift between himself and Falstaff, and theirlast interaction can be interpreted as a slightly disdained farewell. Towardsthe end of the scene, there can be no doubt to the audience that the Prince willnot turn kindly to Falstaff and his gang again. Hals decision to speak in verseindicates that he has moved beyond the tavern-dwellers and found himself in anew caste. Shakespeare has put Hal through a rite of passage on the stage inorder that the audience be more familiar with his character. Whether or not Halin 1 Henry IV is to be seen in isolation of the second part of the history or asmerely a major develo pment within the two parts is still up for interpretation. .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd , .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .postImageUrl , .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd , .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:hover , .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:visited , .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:active { border:0!important; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:active , .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d116a1b9bd93116afc09d167439aacd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Perfection In Ancient Greek Art EssayThe different type of speech exemplifies that Hal has moved on from needingFalstaffs friendship as a reflection of his identity, and has accepted hisplace as the future King. The last thing that the Prince says to Falstaff is,Come, bring your luggage nobly on your back: For my part, if a lie may dothee grace, Ill gild it with the happiest terms I have. For the Audienceas well as Prince Hal, this declaration reinforces that Hal is acting inaccordance with his title and his fathers wishes and that he has moved beyondfeeling a bond with Falstaff. Earlier on in the play, he might have tried toexpose Falstaffs lie but this line shows that th e prince accepts Falstaff asa liar and feels no need to challenge him or to deal with him on Falstaffslevel. Not only does he accept Falstaff as a liar, and thus expect no better ofhim, he is also aware that because of the difference in character and statusbetween them, Falstaff needs the recognition for having killed Hotspur. For Hal,performing the deed was enough; he does not need the outward appearance ofhonour that comes with glory in battle. For Hal to accept that Falstaff relieson lying to promote the outward appearance of a noble character is for him toaccept that the friendship between them is over, that they no longer haveanything in common and no longer need one another. With his fathersrecognition and a feeling of self-assurance, Hal does not need Falstaff and thisscene represents his realization that he has learned what he can from him. Thefarewell between Hal and Falstaff though unspoken and subtle is by no meanshostile. Hals agreement to lie on Falstaffs behalf is almo st a token ofgratitude toward him for the benefit he has gained from their friendship. Theend of the relationship does not come out of unfriendly feelings for one anotherbut rather from the fact that Hal has undergone a transition that Falstaff willnever undergo. Though the last we see of Falstaff in the first part of KingHenry IV is a series of empty promises to make what he interprets to be the sametransition that Hal has made. The change that takes place within Henry, Princeof Wales is exemplified through his language and his actions. This change isfinalised in the second to last scene, leaving only one brief interaction withhis Father, the King, between his break away from his previous lifestyle and theend of the play. Hals acceptance of his role within his family as well askingdom is indicative of finding the reality of honour within himself. The factthat this epiphany comes so near the end of the play brings Hals journey toan end, giving the play a sense of closure and resolve . Hals decision alsoserves to give his character psychological depth, and thus further differentiatehim from the tavern characters. Hals discovery of princely honour functionsto fulfil the concept of honour as an inherent trait of nobility and thus makeshis separation from Falstaff an inevitability. Shakespeare